Abdominal Trauma
When a patient presents with abdominal injuries, give priority to the primary survey:
1. Establish a clear airway.
2. Assure ventilation.
3. Arrest external bleeding.
4. Set up an intravenous infusion of normal saline or Ringer’s lactate.
5. Insert a nasogastric tube and begin suction and monitor output.
6. Send a blood sample for haemoglobin measurement and type and cross-match.
7. Insert a urinary catheter, examine the urine for blood and monitor the urine output.
8. Perform the secondary survey: a complete physical examination to evaluate the abdomen and to establish the extent of other injury.
9. Examine the abdomen for bowel sounds, tenderness, rigidity and contusions or open wounds.
10. Administer small doses of intravenous analgesics, prophylactic antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis.
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